Successful embryo transfer sparks hope for northern white rhino's survival

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Welcome to the world! First white rhino born in decades in the state of Arizona

A white rhino was born in Arizona on Nov. 7 and has already taken a few tumbles while running around — but loves to get back up again. Watch him scamper about with his watchful parent close by at the Wildlife World Zoo in Litchfield, Arizona.

• A rhinoceros was successfully impregnated through embryo transfer, marking the first successful use of the method.
• The pregnancy was discovered after the surrogate mother's death due to a bacterial infection in Nov. 2023.
• Scientists say they are optimistic about the potential of embryos to contribute to the conservation of the northern white rhino.

A rhinoceros was impregnated through embryo transfer in the first successful use of a method that conservationists said might later make it possible to save the nearly extinct northern white rhino subspecies.

In testing with another subspecies, the researchers created a southern white rhino embryo in a lab from an egg and sperm that had been previously collected from other rhinos and transferred it into a southern white rhino surrogate mother at the Ol-Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya.

"The successful embryo transfer and pregnancy are a proof of concept and allow (researchers) to now safely move to the transfer of northern white rhino embryos — a cornerstone in the mission to save the northern white rhino from extinction," the group said in a statement Wednesday.

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However, the team only learned of the pregnancy after the surrogate mother died of a bacterial infection in November 2023. The rhino was infected when spores from the clostridium strain were released from the soil by floodwater, and the embryo was discovered during a post-mortem examination.

Female northern white rhinos Fatu, 19, left, and Najin, 30, right, the last two northern white rhinos on the planet, graze in their enclosure at Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya on Aug. 23, 2019. Researchers have created a southern white rhino embryo in a lab and transferred it into a southern white rhino surrogate mother who is now pregnant. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

Still scientists are very optimistic about their findings.

"Now we have the clear evidence that an embryo that is frozen, thawed, produced in a test tube can produce new life and that is what we want for the northern white rhino," Professor Thomas Hildebrandt is lead researcher and the head of the Department of Reproduction at BioRescue .

Roughly 20,000 southern white rhinos remain in Africa. That subspecies as well as another species, the black rhino, are bouncing back from significant reduction in their populations due to poaching for their horns.

However, the northern white rhinoceros subspecies has only two known members left in the world.

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Najin, a 34-year-old, and her 23-year-old offspring, Fatu, are both incapable of natural reproduction, according to the Ol-Pejeta Conservancy where they live.

The last male white rhino, Sudan, was 45 when he was euthanized in 2018 due to age-related complications. He was Najin's sire.

Scientists stored his semen and that of four other dead rhinos, hoping to use them in in vitro fertilization with eggs harvested from female northern white rhinos to produce embryos that eventually will be carried by southern white rhino surrogate mothers.

Some conservation groups have argued that it is probably too late to save the northern white rhino with in vitro fertilization, as the species' natural habitat in Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic has been ravaged by human conflict. Skeptics say the efforts should focus on other critically endangered species with a better chance at survival.