AP Explains: Venezuela's migrant crisis

Venezuelan Omar Mujica, a car mechanic, walks to Lima, along the shoulder of the Pan-American Highway, as other Venezuelan migrants follow, after crossing the border from Ecuador into Peru, near Tumbes, Peru, Sunday, Aug. 26, 2018. Mujica, from Barquisimeto, said his car broke down before he started his trip, two weeks ago, and left it behind, unable to sell it. The U.N. estimates 2.3 million Venezuelans have fled since 2014 as the country with the world's largest proven oil reserves plummets into an economic crisis worse than the Great Depression. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia)

BOGOTA, Colombia – The United Nations says that more than 1.6 million Venezuelans have left their country since the start of 2015, generating an international migrant crisis that has set off alarms in South America and recently led to violent confrontations between migrants and local populations. Here are some facts about Venezuela's migrant crisis.

WHY ARE VENEZUELANS LEAVING?

Most migrants say they are escaping Venezuela's imploding economy. Hyperinflation has decimated wages, and more than a decade of price controls have generated widespread shortages of basic goods. Venezuela's monthly minimum wage is currently worth about $25 and is far below what is needed to feed a family.

WHERE ARE THEY GOING?

More than half of Venezuela's migrants are leaving for neighboring Colombia. But hundreds of thousands also look to settle in countries further south, including Ecuador, Peru and Chile. A smaller portion of the migrants is leaving Venezuela via its remote, southeastern border with Brazil. More than 28,000 also filed asylum petitions in the U.S. last year alone.

WHAT IS THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM?

The United Nations' refugee agency says that around 5,000 people are leaving Venezuela every day. Close to 1 million Venezuelans are already living in Colombia, according to the country's immigration authorities.

By comparison, at the height of Europe's migrant crisis in 2015, Germany took in 900,000 refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Turkey currently houses around 3.5 million Syrian refugees.

WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON OTHER COUNTRIES?

Governments in South America contend that the large influx of Venezuelans is straining social services like schools and hospitals since arriving Venezuelans have no money for food, housing or medical care.

The impoverished northern Brazilian state of Roraima declared a state of emergency last year after 30,000 Venezuelans arrived the state capital, which has a population of just 350,000. Brazil's federal government has sent in the army to provide humanitarian assistance and stem violence between locals and migrants. Ecuador has also declared a state of emergency in three of its provinces.

HOW ARE GOVERNMENTS RESPONDING

Initially neighboring countries facilitated the arrival of Venezuelans by granting temporary work and residence permits. But as the exodus has grown, some have tightened entry requirements. Ecuador and Peru said in August that only Venezuelans with passports could enter their territory, a measure that could bar many would-be migrants from a country where passports are hard to obtain.

The U.N. human rights agency is trying to raise $46 million to assist Venezuelan migrants in South America, while over the past two years the United States has pledged more than $60 million to aid Venezuelans in Colombia. In Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, governments have set up tents and health stations at their borders where children are vaccinated for free.

WHAT DOES VENEZUELA'S GOVERNMENT SAY?

Venezuela's socialist government denies there is a migrant crisis, with Vice President Delcy Rodriguez recently declaring that images of desperate migrants walking across Colombia were staged by Venezuela's enemies to justify an intervention.

President Nicolas Maduro has urged his country's emigres to "stop cleaning toilets abroad" and return home. In August, he sent a plane to Peru to pick up around 100 migrants who he said had been duped into abandoning Venezuela.