As Italy surpassed more than 10,000 coronavirus cases on Wednesday, health officials described Europe as the new ground zero for the disease, with infections spiking in several nations on the European continent.

“Right now, the epicenter – the new China – is Europe,” said Robert Redfield, the head of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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The hardest-hit of any country outside of China, where the outbreak began late last year, has been Italy. Authorities confirmed 631 deaths from the COVID-19 virus, and of those deaths, 168 were reported within a 24-hour period on Tuesday, the first day of a country-wide lockdown for its population of 62 million.

A woman walks past the Basilica of Santo Stefano, in Bologna on Wednesday following a country-wide lockdown. (Massimo Paolone/LaPresse via AP)

As the lockdown aimed to keep people home, the number of infections saw a 10 percent increase on Wednesday from the day before.

City streets in Rome and Milan, usually bustling with a mix of tourists and local residents, were largely empty and silent as Italians adapted to their new social habits.

"One of the problems is that Italians are not used to being physically separated," John Hooper, a correspondent for The Economist in Italy, told Sky News. "So that's much more of a cultural shock here than would be in Germany."

Two people sit by the Barcaccia fountain near almost empty Spanish Steps, in Rome on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Andrew Medichini)

Premier Giuseppe Conte on Wednesday said he will consider requests to toughen Italy's already extraordinary anti-virus lockdown.

Adding to its efforts, the Italian government also announced a $28 billion allocation to fight the outbreak on both medical and economic fronts. The first measures, expected to be outlined Friday, will support health services, the civil protection agency and the labor market.

The Vittorio Emanuele shopping arcade appeared almost desert in Milan on Wednesday as Italy mulls even tighter restrictions on daily life. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno)

The World Health Organization on Wednesday declared the virus a pandemic, noting that the number of cases outside China had exploded 13-fold over the past two weeks. There are now more than 118,000 cases of COVID-19 in 114 countries, with 4,291 deaths, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said.

Other European nations are issuing measures to slow down and control the spread of the virus, and provide a cushion for the “economic shock” of the outbreak.

Spain

Spain's coronavirus cases have surpassed 2,000, with roughly half of them in the Madrid region, where two-thirds of the country’s 47 virus-related deaths have occurred, the Health Ministry said Wednesday.

The number of cases saw a 60 percent increase since Tuesday.

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Madrid’s fatalities are high because much of the contagion there is taking place in nursing homes, said Fernando Simón, director of Spain's health emergency center.

Empty shelves are seen in a supermarket as people begin to stock up on provisions in Madrid on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)

Schools and universities in Madrid and two northern regions have been ordered to close for two weeks to help slow the outbreak’s spread. Workers were urged to telecommute to help reduce crowds on public transit.

Denmark

The Scandinavian country saw a 191 percent spike in coronavirus cases, with 90 more infections confirmed on Wednesday, for a total of at least 262.

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Denmark’s leaders have advised the public to avoid using public transportation, while some schools also closed, Local Denmark reported.

Health officials also have advised against shaking hands, a measure that has suspended naturalization ceremonies, which require a mandatory handshake by law, The New York Times reported.

Germany

With at least 1,300 infections as of Wednesday, Germany so far has only three deaths — a low rate that experts attribute to rapid testing as the outbreak unfolded.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel issued a warning, citing expert estimates that up to 70 percent of the population could be infected with the virus.

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“You have to understand that if the virus is there, and the population has no immunity yet to this virus, there are no vaccines and no therapy so far, a high percentage – experts say 60 to 70 percent – of the population will be infected," Merkel said.

People stand in front of containers with a banner reading "Coronavirus Diagnosis Base" on the grounds of the University Hospital in Mannheim, Germany, on Wednesday. (Uwe Anspach/dpa via AP)

While the government has recommended the cancellation of all events with more than 1,000 people, among other things, Germany intends to keep its borders open.

Merkel said that border closures “are not an appropriate response” to the sweeping outbreak, arguing that it makes more sense for people arriving from badly hit regions to self-quarantine.

United Kingdom

Britain had at least 373 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and six deaths as of Wednesday.

National Health Service England said it would ramp up capacity to test people for the virus, meaning 10,000 tests per day could be carried out. Currently, capabilities allow for only 1,500 tests per day.

United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom Woody Johnson, right, greets by bumping elbows as he arrives to attend the annual Commonwealth Day service at Westminster Abbey in London on Monday. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein)

So far, the government has warned Britons against all but essential travel to Italy and encouraged 14 days of self-isolation for anyone entering the country from the impacted region.

The Bank of England slashed its key interest rate by half a percentage point to 0.25 percent on Wednesday, saying it is part of an emergency package of measures to “help support businesses and consumer confidence at a difficult time.”

Health Minister Nadine Dorries said Tuesday she was self-isolating after testing positive for the virus. Over the last week, she met hundreds of people in Parliament and attended a Women’s Day reception with Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

France

The coronavirus has affected at least 1,700 in France, causing 33 deaths.

France has banned events of more than 1,000 people and advised voters to bring their own pens to local elections Sunday so they won't have to share as part of efforts to limit the spread of the coronavirus.

A general view of signs about coronavirus in the city of Mulhouse, eastern France, on Monday. (AP Photo/Jean-Francois Badias)

Authorities are requisitioning all face masks to reserve them for those infected with the virus and health workers, President Emmanuel Macron said Tuesday.

Belgium

The health ministry announced Wednesday the country's first death related to the coronavirus. The patient was a 90-year-old woman.

Belgium has at least 314 confirmed cases of COVID-19, but the ministry predicted that more cases would soon emerge, saying hospitals are seeing more and more people with respiratory infections.

Schools have remained open so far, but the elderly and those with underlying health conditions are being urged to avoid public transportation.

Poland and Ukraine

Ukraine has at least one confirmed case of the virus, while Poland has at least 26 confirmed cases as of Wednesday.

Even though the two Eastern European nations each have a small number of coronavirus cases, officials ordered all schools, preschools and universities closed as part of preventative measures to slow the outbreak they've seen rapidly spread among their European neighbors.

Poland further shut down all cinemas, theaters and museums for two weeks, Reuters reported.

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“We are in a very difficult situation, but we see on the example of Italy that this position may be much more difficult,” Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said at a news conference.

Fox News' Danielle Wallace and The Associated Press contributed to this report.