Egyptian Court Bans Military 'Virginity Tests' on Female Detainees

An Egyptian court on Tuesday ordered the country's military rulers to stop the use of "virginity tests" on female detainees, in a rare condemnation by a civilian tribunal of a military practice that has caused an uproar among activists and rights groups.

The virginity test allegations first surfaced after a March 9 rally in Cairo's Tahrir Square that turned violent when men in plainclothes attacked protesters, and the army cleared the square by force. The rights group Human Rights Watch said seven women were subjected to the tests.

The ban came a week after public outrage over scenes of soldiers dragging women protesters by the hair, stomping on them and stripping one half-naked in the street during a fierce crackdown on activists.

"This is a case for all the women of Egypt, not only mine," said Samira Ibrahim, 25, who was arrested and then spoke out about her treatment.

Ibrahim filed two suits against the practice, one demanding it be banned and another accusing an officer of sexual assault. She was the only one to complain publicly about a practice that can bring shame upon the victim in a conservative society.

A small group of women gathered outside the court building, holding banners. One said, "Women of Egypt are a red line."

The three-judge panel said in its ruling that the virginity tests were "a violation of women's rights and an aggression against their dignity."

The ruling also said a member of the ruling military council admitted to Amnesty International in June that the practice was carried out on female detainees in March to protect the army against possible allegations of rape, indicating it was an administrative order and not an individual decision.

Because the military is also acting as a police force, "it is the duty of the armed forces when carrying out these duties to abide by the law and not violate its provisions when dealing with citizens," the court ruling said.

The ruling "is incredibly important not only because it comes after scenes of sexual assault and battery of women by military troops," said Heba Morayef, an Egypt researcher with Human Rights Watch. "It is also important because it is the first time a civilian court acknowledged and criticized abuse by the military."

At first the military denied administering virginity tests. Then last week, the military prosecutor said one army doctor is on trial for abuse. On Tuesday, after the court decision, military prosecutor Adel el-Morsi said the tests are not condoned by the military, calling the abuse "an individual behavior" that is before courts.

Rights groups have said some officers have explained the tests as a way to clear their names of possible charges of abuse by the protesters. Women protesters said they were threatened with prostitution charges before they were subjected to the tests.

Hossam Bahgat, a human rights activist who was involved in the case, said the court ruling restores some justice to the abused women and is a first step toward holding military officials accountable.

"It is also very symbolically important because it is a crack in the wall of impunity the (military rulers) have built around their personnel and their conduct" against protesters and women in particular, he said.

He said the lawyers will try to upgrade the charges against the army doctor to sexual assault instead of the current indecent act.

Ibrahim, who covers her hair in the style of conservative Muslims, told a private TV station Monday that she filed the suits because she wanted to spare others what she went through. Ibrahim said her family, from the conservative southern Egyptian city of Sohag, was supportive of her going public.

"I was devastated," she told the private ONTV network. "I was hurt, and sad, and didn't expect that from them (soldiers.) The first thing dad said is...only the law will help you."