Australia Gets First Female PM; Rudd Ousted

CANBERRA, Australia -- Australia's ruling party ousted Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on Thursday in a sudden, stunning revolt that also delivered the country its first female leader.

Rudd's deputy, Julia Gillard, was elected leader in an uncontested vote about 12 hours after she surprised many colleagues by challenging a prime minister who until recently had been among the country's most popular.

Rudd was one of the West's few Chinese-speaking leaders and helped broker the Copenhagen climate change agreement, but his quick removal showed his party had lost faith he could win a second term at national elections due within months.

Many foreign policies, including Australia's 1,500-strong military contribution to the war in Afghanistan, are not likely to change under Gillard.

But the leadership change immediately eased hostilities between the government and big mining companies over a proposed tax on so-called super profits from burgeoning mineral and energy sales to China and India.

Gillard quickly ended an advertising campaign that promoted the tax, keeping a Labor promise that Rudd broke to never use taxpayers' money for political advertising.

The world's biggest miner BHP-Billiton responded by suspending counter-advertising that claimed the new tax would cost jobs and investment in the mineral sector, which is driving Australia's economic growth.

Gillard said her government is willing to negotiate on the proposed tax. Opinion polls show the tax debate is doing increasing harm to the government's re-election chances.

"I have said to the mining companies of this nation publicly that the government is opening its door, and we are asking them to open their minds," Gillard told Parliament.

Rudd rode high in opinion polls until he made major policy backflips, including shelving plans in April to make Australia's worst polluters pay for their carbon gas emissions.

An airplane towed a banner over Parliament House on Thursday which made an apparent reference to the backflip: "Julia aim higher on climate."

But Gillard has not committed to pressing ahead with the government's so-called emission trading scheme in which polluters would buy and trade permits for every ton of carbon gas they produce. The Senate has twice rejected the legislation.

She said that as prime minister she would seek a community consensus on how carbon pollution should be priced.

An emotional Rudd, flanked by his wife and three children, gave his final speech in the prime minister's court yard at Parliament House on Thursday, saying he was proud that his first act in government in 2007 had been to ratify the Kyoto protocol for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

"I'm proud of the fact that we tried three times to get an emissions trading scheme through this Parliament, although we failed," Rudd told reporters.

"I'm less proud of the fact that I have now blubbered," he joked, as he struggled to contain his tears.

He said he would contest the next election and continue to serve the government "in any manner in which I can be of assistance."

Gillard and her new deputy, Wayne Swan, were sworn into their offices by Australia's first woman Governor-General, Quentin Bryce, within hours of the ballot.

Swan retains his key financial portfolio as treasurer and will to fly to Canada on Friday for a summit of Group of 20 major economies in Rudd's place. He was also elected unopposed. Gillard has yet to announce any other ministers in her new cabinet.

Gillard has been instrumental in most of the government's decisions to date as part of Rudd's four-member inner circle that included Swan and Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner. Tanner announced on Thursday he was quitting politics at the next election for personal reasons.

John Wanna, an Australian National University political scientist, blamed Rudd's style and inability to clearly communicate for his plummeting popularity.

"He's not been a bad prime minister, but he comes across as a smarty pants, policy wonk and when he does the human face stuff, he seems a bit disingenuous to the ordinary person," Wanna said.

Wanna said dumping Rudd for Gillard -- widely regarded as the best communicator in Parliament -- months out from an election was risky for the government.

"We've got rid of a successful prime minister after two and a half years, and we've never done that before in the past," Wanna said.

Gillard was born in Barry, Wales, in 1961, the second daughter of a family who migrated to Adelaide when she was 4 years old in search of a warmer climate for a lung condition.

A former successful lawyer and state government political staffer, she has been attacked by some opponents as unsuitable to lead because she is childless and therefore out of touch with most Australians.

Despite Australia's weathering the global downturn, recent polling puts the center-left government neck-and-neck with the conservative opposition. One poll earlier this month showed Labor trailing the opposition for the first time in more than four years.

Rudd is a Labor hero, having led the party to victory at 2007 elections after 11 years in opposition.