Growing number of states across the US looking into ways to curb the frequency of wrong-way accidents

As Connecticut state Rep. Quentin Williams was driving home from the governor's inauguration ball last month, he was struck head-on by a driver who had entered the highway using a ramp going in the wrong direction, killing both Williams and the driver.

Williams' death threw a spotlight on a kind of car accident that is particularly deadly: wrong-way crashes. Each year in the United States, they result in 400 to 500 deaths according to federal highway administrators.

"He was the life of every party. He had an infectious happiness about him. He knew everybody and if he didn’t, he would find a way to know them," said state Sen. Matthew Lesser, a fellow Democrat who described Williams as one of his closest friends. "He was a rising star in the Legislature with an incredible future in front of him and the next minute he was taken away from us."

Connecticut is seeking to join a growing number of states, including Massachusetts, trying to curb the frequency of deadly wrong-way highway collisions by turning to new crash prevention technologies.

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A $2.6 million pilot program in Massachusetts seeks to discourage wayward drivers by installing wrong-way vehicle detection systems at highway ramps.

When the system detects a car entering a ramp in the wrong direction it sets off flashing lights, signs and, at some locations, audible alarms to alert the driver.

"It gives you an opportunity to hit the brakes, realize you’ve gone in the wrong direction and turn around," said Massachusetts Highway Administrator Jonathan Gulliver.

If the driver continues despite the warning system, state police receive a notice of a possible wrong-way driver. The highway operations center is also notified so they can immediately activate message boards on the roadway to let other motorists know someone might be driving in the wrong direction toward them.

In Massachusetts, around 30 fatalities have been attributed to wrong-way vehicle crashes since 2014, officials said.

Gulliver said the state is drawing in part on wrong-way detection initiatives in other states, including Texas and Rhode Island.

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Older drivers, younger inexperienced drivers and impaired drivers — including those under the influence of alcohol — tend to be more at risk of initiating wrong-way crashes, according to researchers.

Most wrong-way crashes that result in a fatality occur at night, when it’s harder to see signs. A disproportionate number also happen on the weekend, which could coincide with increased alcohol consumption.

"When wrong-way driver crashes happen they generally lead to fatalities. They are some of the most deadly crashes we have, especially when they’re on the interstates involving high speed," Gulliver said.

Last July, a crash involving a wrong-way car on an interstate in northern Illinois left seven people dead, including five children. In November, five people, including two children, were killed in Alabama when their car entered the highway going the wrong way and hit an 18-wheeler.

At least a handful of states have launched programs to address these types of crashes.

Last year, Kentucky received a $5 million federal grant to help prevent wrong-way crashes on interstates. And in 2017, Arizona announced what it called a first-in-the-nation pilot program to use thermal camera technology to address wrong-way driving problems.

Connecticut last year touted a $20 million program intended to install cameras on wrong-way signs across the state that would trigger flashing lights when a wrong-way driver is detected after these types of crashes led to nearly two dozen deaths in 2022 — a dramatic spike from earlier years.

Several bills have been filed to expand that program.

"It’s one thing to know that in the abstract, it’s another to have a close friend killed," Lesser said of the sharp increase in accidents. "It can’t but light a fire under my colleagues to explore policy solutions."

The Massachusetts system, which is funded through a mix of state and federal dollars, has so far been set up at 10 locations with another six next in line as part of the pilot program.

Initially, the pilot program was intended to be a multi-year effort, but the system has proven so successful officials said the state will work to expand it quickly, Gulliver said.

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Since the first warning systems were set up in November, the state has recorded 22 alarms, resulting in several drivers self-correcting, according to officials.

Massachusetts faces additional challenges because it's a densely populated state with older road systems that can sometimes be confusing to local drivers and visitors.

Gulliver said that over the years, the state has taken steps to reduce that confusion and the wrong-way program will further aid motorists.