Kids of severely obese moms have higher risk of ADHD

Six-year-olds whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy are more likely to have developmental or emotional problems than kids of healthy-weight moms, according to a new study.

The researchers had found evidence of this link in two previous studies, said coauthor Laura Schieve, an epidemiologist with CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities.

“We wanted to see if we would find the same association using a variety of different measures,” Schieve told Reuters Health by phone.

“We did find pretty large associations, much bigger than we thought,” she said.

Schieve and her co-authors studied data on 1,311 mother-child pairs collected between 2005 and 2012, including the mothers’ body mass index (BMI, a height-to-weight ratio) before pregnancy and their reports of the children’s psychosocial difficulties at age six. (On online BMI calculator is here: 1.usa.gov/1ooHYzU.)

The researchers also incorporated the children’s developmental diagnoses and receipt of special needs services.

Kids of moms who were severely obese, with a BMI greater than 35, were twice as likely to have emotional symptoms, problems with peers and total psychosocial difficulties compared to kids of moms who had a healthy BMI, between 18.5 and 25.

They were three times as likely to have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and more than four time as likely to have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as reported in Pediatrics.

The researchers accounted for pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression and infant birth weight, none of which explained the apparent link.

“We already do know that obesity is related to health problems during pregnancy and throughout the lifetime,” Schieve said. “I think this adds to that by suggesting that not only does severe obesity affect a woman’s health but the health of her future children.”

It was particularly surprising that many of the children of severely obese mothers were of average body weight at age six, said Jed Friedman of the reproductive sciences faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado Denver.

“Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation plays a very significant role in childhood outcomes,” Friedman, who wasn’t part of the study, told Reuters Health by email. “The authors did not include any measurements of diet, although they did adjust for maternal weight gain, gestational diabetes, and breast-feeding.”

This study could not analyze the mechanism linking severe obesity and later risk for developmental problems, Schieve noted.

“One theory that we could not look at and needs further research was some small studies have linked maternal obesity to increased inflammation, which might affect fetal brain development,” she said.

Women should receive comprehensive care and discuss all health and medical issues with their doctors before becoming pregnant, and that includes weight status, Schieve said.

“Pre-gestational weight loss is recommended for severely obese women,” Friedman said. The healthier a woman can be entering pregnancy, the better, he said.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for developmental delay or disability at nine, 18 and 24 or 30 months of age, and women who were severely obese before pregnancy should be especially committed to getting those screens done, Schieve said.

“And if they have any concerns, bring the child in immediately,” she said.